Want to start your tattooing journey, upgrade your machine, or get a secondary one? Then this guide is for you! In this guide, we cover everything you need to know, and hopefully you will be closer to choosing a machine by the end of it.

Brand

Before exploring different brands, it’s important to set a budget, as these two are typically closely connected. Some well-known brands offer a broader price range, allowing more people to try their machines, but this isn’t always the case. Understanding what each brand offers and recognizing their overlapping features can greatly help in narrowing down your choices.

Stroke

One of the most important things to consider when choosing a tattoo machine is the stroke length. It’s a terms that is often misunderstood, or not understood at all. In this guide, we’ll provide a thorough explanation, emphasizing on its practical application. Now, what exactly is stroke length?

Stroke length refers to the distance your needles extend from the cartridge tip and how far they retract back into it. This influences the needle’s speed, power, and depth.

Stroke influences three main aspects, most importantly the techniques you’ll be able to use. If you choose a machine with a stroke that does not fit your desired style and technique, you might end up doing more damage to the client as well as the machine.

What does stroke dictate?

• Power of the hits. The longer the stroke, the more power is provided, allowing the use of larger needle groupings.
• Speed of needle movement. The output power, influenced by the motor’s power and the voltage, increases when the hit force is strong, leading to a decrease in speed.
• Needle depth. Needle depth refers to how far the tattoo needles extend from your tube or cartridge tip, which determines how deeply they penetrate the skin. Stroke length dictates the maximum needle depth; meaning, a longer needle depth requires a longer stroke. Why is this important?

If your needle depth is long but your stroke length is too short, the needles won’t retract far enough to pick up ink correctly, resulting in patchy tattoos. Many beginners  struggle with picking up ink, and this is usually the reason why.

How to Choose the Right Stroke Length

Stroke is usually divided into three lengths: short, medium, and long. Each length is typically suited for different tattoo techniques and styles. If you know which style you want to pursue, choose the stroke length that best matches it. For beginners or those unsure of their preference, a 3.5mm stroke length is a good starting point.

Short Stroke: 1.8 – 2.5mm

Short stroke machines move faster because the needles have less distance to travel with each movement. This results in quick but soft hits which minimizes damage to the client’s skin, allowing for multiple passes if needed.

Short strokes are ideal for soft shading and blending, making it perfect for hyperrealism and achieving smooth, seamless blends.

It’s important to note that while working with a short stroke, the needle depth also has to be short so it will pick up ink properly.

Stroke lengths less than 2.5mm are usually only found in permanent makeup (PMU) machines, but some tattoo machines offer this stroke option as well.

Medium Stroke: 3.5mm

This stroke, at 3.5mm, is a popular choice among artists and is particularly well-suited for beginners due to its versatility. It can be effectively used for various techniques, but it excels in color packing and shading.

Many all-rounder machines feature a fixed 3.5mm stroke. With moderate speed, impact, and retraction, it provides a reliable momentum for most tattooing tasks.

However, a 3.5mm stroke may not yield the sharpest results for bold lines. Medium stroke lengths may also face challenges with larger needle configurations such as heavy liners and magnums.

Long Stroke: 4.0mm+

A long stroke is ideal for artists working in a bold, traditional style. With a longer stroke length, your needles move slower due to the increased distance they must travel and retract. However, they deliver strong impacts, allowing for bold lines in a single pass. This makes long strokes perfect for American Traditional and Neotraditional tattooing.

It’s important to note that a long stroke can cause significant trauma to the client’s skin. Therefore, it is recommended primarily for experienced professionals who can confidently execute single-pass lines.

Coil vs. Rotary

Coil and rotary tattoo machines are the two main types of machines used in the tattoo industry. They operate on different mechanisms and have distinct characteristics.

Traditional tattoo machines, often referred to as “tattoo guns,” include both coil and rotary machines, while tattoo pens are primarily rotary based. For a quick comparison of coil vs. rotary you can scroll to the bottom of the segment.

Coil Tattoo Machines

Mechanism

Coil tattoo machines use electromagnetic coils to move the needle up and down. When electricity passes through the coils, they create a magnetic field that moves an armature bar connected to the needle.

Features

• Typically heavier due to the coils and the associated hardware.
• Produces a characteristic buzzing sound, which is quite loud.
• Known for strong, hard-hitting performance, making them well-suited for lining and shading with greater precision.

Adjustability

• Offers more adjustability in terms of speed and power by changing springs, armature bars, and coil wraps.
• Customizable through different parts, allowing for fine-tuning according to the artist’s preference.

Maintenance

• Requires more maintenance due to the mechanical complexity.
• Tuning is often needed to ensure optimal performance.

Rotary Tattoo Machines

Mechanism

Rotary tattoo machines use a motor to move the needle in a circular motion. The motor’s rotary action is converted into a linear motion to move the needle up and down.

Features

• Generally lighter and more compact compared to coil machines.
• Operates quietly with minimal noise, which can be less intimidating for clients.
• Provides a smoother, more consistent needle movement, making it ideal for color packing and shading.

Adjustability

• Less adjustable in terms of individual components compared to coil machines.
• Typically easier to use with a simpler setup, making them suitable for both beginners and experienced artists.

Maintenance

• Requires less maintenance and tuning compared to coil machines.
• Fewer moving parts mean less frequent adjustments and repairs.

Comparison

• Weight and Noise: Coil machines are heavier and noisier, while rotary machines are lighter and quieter.
• Performance: Coil machines are powerful and highly adjustable, suitable for detailed line work. Rotary machines offer smoother needle movement, which is great for shading and color work.
• Complexity and Maintenance: Coil machines require more maintenance and fine-tuning. Rotary machines are easier to maintain and generally user-friendly.
• Preference: Choice often depends on the tattoo artist’s style and comfort. Some artists prefer the traditional feel and adjustability of coil machines, while others favor the consistency and ease of use of rotary machines.

Each type of machine has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between them often depends on the artist’s personal preference and the specific needs of the tattoo.

Wired vs. Wireless – why is it important?

Wired Tattoo Machines

Wired tattoo machines are connected to a power supply via a cord. This category includes both coil and rotary machines.

Pros:

• Consistent Power Supply: Provides a steady and reliable power source, ensuring consistent performance throughout the tattoo session.
• No Battery Management: No need to worry about battery life or charging, which can be a convenience during long sessions.
• Established Technology: Proven and reliable technology with a long history in the tattoo industry.

Cons:

• Limited Mobility: The cord can restrict movement and potentially get in the way during the tattooing process.
• Dependence on Power Source: Requires access to an electrical outlet, limiting where the machine can be used.
• Cord Wear and Tear: The cord can be subject to wear and tear over time, potentially leading to issues if not properly maintained.

Wireless Tattoo Machines

Wireless tattoo machines are battery-operated and do not require a cord to connect to a power supply. They are often rotary machines but can include advanced coil machines as well.

Pros:

• Enhanced Mobility: Greater freedom of movement without the restriction of a cord, allowing for more flexibility in positioning.
• Convenience: Ideal for travel, conventions, and on-the-go tattooing, as they do not require an electrical outlet.
• Streamlined Workspace: Reduced clutter and fewer obstacles in the workspace, creating a cleaner and more organized environment.
• Modern Technology: Often equipped with the latest features and innovations, such as digital controls and adjustable settings.

Cons:

• Battery Management: Requires attention to battery life and regular charging.
• Potential for Power Variability: Power output may decrease as the battery drains, potentially affecting performance.
• Weight Consideration: Built-in batteries can add weight to the machine, which may affect handling for some artists.

Comparison Summary

• Mobility and Convenience: Wireless machines offer superior mobility and convenience, eliminating the constraints of a cord. Wired machines, while less mobile, provide consistent power without the need to manage batteries.
• Power Consistency: Wired machines offer a constant power supply, ensuring stable performance. Wireless machines can experience power variability as battery levels drop.
• Maintenance: Wired machines typically have fewer components to maintain. Wireless machines require battery management, including regular charging and potential battery replacement.
• Workspace Organization: Wireless machines contribute to a cleaner, more streamlined workspace by removing cords. Wired machines can add clutter and require careful cord management.

In summary, the choice between wired and wireless tattoo machines depends on the artist’s priorities and working environment. Wireless machines are excellent for flexibility and convenience, especially for travel and conventions, while wired machines offer reliable, uninterrupted power and may be more effective in stationary setups.